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1. Intent. The intent of this Section is to provide adequate parking for motor vehicles while minimizing the visual impact of parking lots and structures.

2. General provisions.

a. In all zone districts, off-street parking facilities for the storage of self-propelled motor vehicles for the use of occupants, employees, and patrons of the building or structures hereafter erected, altered, or extended shall be provided and maintained as herein prescribed.

b. Surface. All parking and driveway areas and primary access to parking facilities shall be surfaced with asphalt, concrete, or similar materials as may be approved by the Town Engineer.

c. Integrate parking lots with surroundings. Parking lots shall not dominate the frontage of pedestrian-oriented streets, interfere with designated pedestrian routes, or negatively impact surrounding neighborhoods. The pedestrian character of streets and buildings shall be maximized through continuity of buildings and landscape frontage.

d. Location. Parking lots shall be located to the rear or side of buildings or in the interior of a site whenever possible.

e. Landscaping. Parking lots shall be landscaped, screened, and buffered as provided in Sections 2.14 and 2.15.

f. Share-access. Where feasible, parking lots shall share access drives with adjacent property having similar land uses.

g. Off-street parking design. Any off-street parking area shall be designed so that vehicles may exit without backing onto a public street unless no other practical alternative is available. Off-street parking areas shall be designed so that parked vehicles do not encroach upon or extend onto public rights-of-way or sidewalks or strike against or damage any wall, vegetation, utility, or other structure.

h. Circulation area design. Circulation areas shall be designed to facilitate the safe movement of vehicles without posing a danger to pedestrians or impeding the function of the parking area.

i. Lighting. All parking area lighting shall be full cutoff-type fixtures installed perpendicular to the ground. Any light used to illuminate parking areas or for any other purpose shall be so arranged as to reflect the light away from nearby residential properties, and away from the vision of passing motorists. All lighting will meet the standards outlined in Section 2.19.

j. Shared off-street parking. When there are opportunities to support parking demand through shared off-street parking for compatible uses (such as a movie theater and an office building), a parking study and shared parking agreement shall be used to demonstrate the adequacy of the parking supply as a substitute for standard parking requirements.

k. Adjacent on-street parking in C-D and C-N. In order to promote a pedestrian scale and encourage a perception of safety in the C-D Downtown Commercial and C-N Neighborhood Commercial zoning districts, parking may be satisfied using adjacent on-street parking or shared rear-lot parking areas. A parking study and shared parking agreement shall be used to demonstrate the adequacy of the parking supply as a substitute for standard parking requirements.

l. Parking shall be screened from view of streets as provided by Section 2.15.

3. Paved off-street parking requirements. Paved off-street parking shall be provided according to the minimum requirements as specified in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1

MINIMUM OFF-STREET PARKING REQUIREMENTS 

PRINCIPAL USE

REQUIRED PARKING SPACES

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Residential uses

Single family dwelling

2 per dwelling unit

Plus 1 guest space of on-street parking per dwelling

Accessory dwelling unit

1 per bedroom up to 2 spaces

Two-, three-, four-, townhome, and multi-family dwellings:

Efficiency or one-bedroom

1.5 per dwelling unit

Plus .25 guest spaces per unit. For multi-family developments with garages for every dwelling unit, the number of required physically disabled parking spaces is based on the number of shared guest parking spaces.

Two-bedroom

1.75 per dwelling unit

Three-bedroom

2 per dwelling unit

35% or more of units restricted to occupancy by the elderly (60 years and older)

.5 per dwelling unit restricted for the elderly

Group home

1 per 4 beds

Manufactured Homes in R-MH1 Zone

1.5 per manufactured home site; 1 space must be within 100 feet of each site for the exclusive use of its occupants

Plus .25 guest spaces per unit.

Manufactured Homes in R-MH2 Zone

2 per manufactured home lot

2. Institutional/Civic/Public Uses

Emergency services

Parking Study

Church or place of worship and assembly

1 per 4 seats

Community facilities

Parking study

Golf course

4 per hole + spaces required for accessory uses

Post office, other public buildings

1 per 150 sq. ft.

Schools

Kindergarten, elementary, and intermediate

2 per classroom

High

1 per 4 students at design capacity

College, vocational training, and technical training

1 per 2 enrolled students + 1 per 2 employees

Transit facilities

Parking study

3. Business/commercial/retail uses

Hospitals

1 per 2 in-patient beds + 1 per 250 sq. ft. of outpatient clinics and service areas.

Bassinets are excluded.

Offices

Medical, dental office and clinics

1 per 250 sq. ft.

All other offices

1 per 300 sq. ft.

General retail sales and rentals, personal service shops, financial institutions, and other consumer services (not otherwise listed in this Table)

1 per 300 sq. ft.

Plus vehicle stacking spaces per Section 3.4.2.b(9) for uses with drive-in facilities.

Grocery store (supermarket) and large (25,000 sq. ft. or more) retail sales

1 per 250 sq. ft.

Retail sales – furniture, appliances, and other large customer goods

1 per 500 sq. ft.

Convenience store

1 per 200 sq. ft. of convenience store/food sales

Plus vehicle stacking spaces per Section 3.4.2.b(9).

Beauty, barber, and nail salons

1 per 100 sq. ft.

Motor vehicle sales or rental

1 per 40 sq. ft. + 1 per 500 sq. ft. of outdoor display area

Motor vehicle repair, accessory installation, similar uses

2 per service bay + 1 per employee

Automobile service stations

1 per gas pump + 1 per 2 employees

Plus convenience store parking requirements for buildings over 200 square feet.

Car wash

1 per 200 sq. ft. of sales, office, or lounge area

Plus vehicle stacking spaces as per Section 3.4.2.b(9).

Boarding and rooming houses

1 per guest room + 1 per dwelling unit

Child care centers

1 per each 6 persons of licensed capacity

Automated teller machines

0 for drive-through ATM, 2 per ATM with no drive-through

Plus vehicle stacking spaces as per Section 3.4.2.b(9).

Funeral homes

1 per each 4 occupant capacity

Plus vehicle stacking spaces as per Section 3.4.2.b(9).

Veterinary hospitals, clinics

1 per 400 sq. ft.

Accommodations:

Hotel

1 per guest room

+75% of required parking for accessory restaurants, meeting spaces, offices, and etc.

Motel

.75 per guest room

Bed and breakfast

1 per guest room + 1 per dwelling unit

Business service establishments

1 per 400 sq. ft.

Laboratories, research facilities

1 per 400 sq. ft. or 1 per 3 employees, whichever is greater

Commercial laundries

1 per 400 sq. ft.

Catering establishment

1 per 400 sq. ft.

Health and membership clubs

1 per 300 sq. ft.

Entertainment facilities and theaters

1 per 4 seats

Restaurants

1 per 100 sq ft. including outdoor seating areas

1 per 75 sq. ft. for restaurants with bar seating areas, including outdoor seating areas

Restaurants (Fast Food) with drive-through facility

1 per 75 sq. ft. including outdoor seating areas

Plus vehicle stacking spaces per Section 3.4.2.b(9).

Bars, taverns, nightclubs

1 per 75 sq. ft. including outdoor seating areas

Broadcasting studio

2 per 3 employees + 1 per 4 (fixed or movable) seats in studio having greatest seating capacity

4. Industrial Uses

Warehouse, self-storage

1 per 100 storage units inside fenced area + 5 outside fenced area near office

Heavy equipment sales, rental, repair

See Table 2-2

Special trade contractor shops, machine shops, publishing plants

See Table 2-2

Warehouse, transfer stations, storage facilities

See Table 2-2

Wholesale trade

1 per 300 sq. ft. of office or administrative space + 1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of additional gross floor area

Industrial, manufacturing

See Table 2-2

5. Agricultural Uses

Agritainment

Parking Study

6. Other Uses Not Prohibited by Law or this Land Use Code and Not Otherwise Listed in this Table

As required for most similar use or Parking Study

Uses subject to off-street parking Table 2-2 shall provide the following cumulative minimum number of off-street parking spaces:

Table 2-2

REQUIRED OFF-STREET PARKING STANDARDS 

Activity

Number of Spaces Required

Office or administrative area

1 per 300 sq. ft.

Indoor sales area

1 per 200 sq. ft.

Outdoor sales or display area (3,000 square feet or less)

1 per 750 sq. ft.

Outdoor sales or display area (over 3,000) square feet)

Motor vehicles/equipment sales

1 per 2,000 sq. ft.

Other sales/display

1 per 1,000 sq. ft.

Indoor storage/warehousing/vehicle service/manufacturing area

1 – 3,000 square feet

1 per 250 sq. ft.

3,001 – 5,000 square feet

1 per 500 sq. ft.

5,001 – 10,000 square feet

1 per 750 sq. ft.

Over 10,001 square feet

1 per 1,250 sq. ft.

a. Parking Studies. Several use classifications or specific uses listed in Table 2-1 above have widely varying parking demand characteristics, making it impossible to specify a single off-street parking standard. Upon receiving a development application for a use subject to this subsection, the Planning Director shall apply the off-street parking specified for the listed use that is deemed most similar to the proposed use or shall establish minimum off-street parking requirements on the basis of a parking study prepared by the Applicant. The parking study shall include estimates of parking demand based on recommendations published by the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE), or other acceptable estimates as approved by Staff, and should include other reliable data collected from uses or combinations of uses that are the same as or comparable with the proposed use. Comparability shall be determined by density, scale, bulk, area, type of activity, and location. The study shall document the source of data used to develop the recommendations.

4. Location of spaces.

a. Off-street parking facilities for residential uses shall be provided and located on the same lot as the building they are intended to serve.

b. Residential.

(1) Required off-street parking in residential zones shall not lie within the front yard setback nor within any required side yard setback adjacent to a street. Driveway spaces within these setbacks can not be counted for required off-street parking.

(2) Except within a garage or in conjunction with an approved affordable housing project, tandem parking is not allowed to meet required off-street parking requirements.

(3) Garages or required off-street parking spaces shall meet the setbacks outlined in Section 3.5, Density and Dimensional Standards.

(4) Where roll-over curbs are not present, a maximum curb cut of thirty-five (35) feet, either singularly or cumulative will be allowed, unless otherwise approved by the Town Engineer.

c. Non-residential.

(1) The location of required off-street parking facilities for other than residential uses shall be within seven hundred (700) feet of the building they are intended to serve when measured from the nearest point of the building or structure.

(2) The maximum curb cut will be determined during the review of the site plan.

5. Accessible parking and passenger loading for the physically disabled.

a. Accessible parking spaces shall be required for all retail, office, business, industrial, and institutional uses, as well as multi-family units.

b. Accessible parking spaces shall be appropriately marked with a freestanding sign, in conformance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic-Control Devices, using the standard uniform words and/or symbols that signify the space as parking for the physically disabled only. Van accessible spaces shall have a sign located below the accessible sign indicating the space to be van-accessible.

c. Accessible parking spaces shall be located as close as possible to the nearest accessible building entrance.

d. Number of accessible parking spaces:

Table 2-3

ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACES 

Total Number of Parking Spaces in Off-Street Parking Area

Minimum Required Number of Accessible Parking Spaces

1-25

1

26-50

2

51-75

3

76-100

4

101-150

5

151-200

6

201-300

7

301-400

8

401-500

9

501-1,000

2% of total

1,001 and over

20 plus 1 for every 100 over 1,000

For every eight (8) accessible parking spaces, there must be at least one (1) van-accessible space. If there is only one (1) accessible parking space, that space must be van-accessible.

e. Facilities providing medical care and other services for physically disabled persons shall provide the following:

(1) Outpatient units and facilities (including but not limited to medical clinics and offices): Ten percent (10%) of the total number of off-street parking spaces.

(2) Units or facilities that specialize in treatment or services for persons with mobility impairments (including but not limited to physical therapy clinics): Twenty percent (20%) of the total number of off-street parking spaces.

6. Parking space dimensions.

a. Parking stall dimensions. Parking stalls for automobiles shall meet the following standards. All dimensions represent the minimum requirement for any required parking space.

Table 2-4

PARKING STALL DIMENSIONS 

Parking Angle (A)

Stall Width (B)

Stall to Curb (C)

Aisle Width (D)**

Curb Length (E)

Overhang (F)

Drive Aisle (G)

45°

9'

19'

15-18'

12' 8"

1' 5"

24'

60°

9'

20'

15-18'

10' 5"

1' 8"

24'

90°

9'

18'

24'

9'

2'

0°(parallel)

8' *

8' *

12'

24'

0'

*Except along local streets where seven (7) feet is permitted.

**Except for lanes designated as primary emergency access where twenty-six (26) feet is required.

Figure 2-6. Parking Angles

b. Accessible parking space dimensions.

(1) Accessible parking spaces must be eight (8) feet by eighteen (18) feet with a five (5) foot wide access aisle.

(2) Van-accessible spaces must be nine (9) feet by eighteen (18) feet with an eight-foot-wide access aisle, adjacent and parallel to the space.

(3) Parking spaces for the physically disabled that are parallel to a pedestrian walk which meets Americans with Disabilities Act standards may have the same dimensions as those for standard vehicles.

(4) Slope. Accessible parking spaces and access aisle widths shall be level with surface slopes not exceeding 1:50 in all directions.

c. Drive lanes used as primary access by emergency response vehicles shall be a minimum of twenty-six (26) feet wide.

(1) The primary access will be determined in conjunction with the Frederick-Firestone Fire Protection District through the site plan process.

7. Bicycle parking spaces. Commercial, industrial, civic, employment, multi-family and recreational uses shall provide bicycle facilities to meet the following standards:

a. A minimum number of bicycle parking spaces shall be provided, equal in number to two percent (2%) of the total number of automobile parking spaces provided by the development, but not less than one (1) space.

b. For convenience and security, bicycle parking facilities shall be located near building entrances. Within downtown commercial areas, however, a grouping of spaces shall be utilized as directed by the Town.

c. Bicycle parking facilities shall utilize the inverted U facilities.

8. Parking restrictions for excess weight vehicles, recreational vehicles and utility trailers.

a. Please refer to Chapter 8, Article III, Sections 8-41 and 8-42 of the Frederick Municipal Code.

9. Vehicle stacking standards.

a. The development and design standards of this subsection shall apply to all drive-in (drive-through) facilities and other auto-oriented uses unless otherwise expressly approved by the decision-making body:

(1) Minimum number of vehicle stacking spaces. Off-street stacking spaces shall be provided as follows:

Table 2-5. 

Activity Type

Minimum Stacking Spaces

Measured From: 1

Bank teller lane

4

Teller or Window

Automated teller machine

3

Teller

Restaurant drive-through

6

Order Box

Restaurant drive-through

4

Order Box to Pick-Up Window

Car wash stall, automatic

4

Entrance

Car wash stall, self-service

3

Entrance

Funeral home/mortuary

4

Primary Passenger Loading Area for Processions

Other

4

Pick-Up Window

Note:

1Measured so that the driver’s side window is centered on the teller, order box, or window, as applicable.

(2) Design and layout. Required drive-through lanes and facilities and vehicle stacking spaces are subject to the following design and layout standards:

(a) Vehicle stacking spaces.

i) Size. Vehicle stacking spaces must be a minimum of nine (9) feet by twenty (20) feet in size.

ii) Location. Stacking spaces may not impede on- or off-site traffic movements, nor impede movements into or out of off-street parking spaces.

iii) Design.

1. Stacking spaces shall be separated from other internal driveways by raised medians if the Town Engineer deems the median necessary for traffic movement and safety.

2. Vehicle stacking areas adjacent to public streets or sidewalks shall be separated from such streets or sidewalks by walls or landscaping with berms.

(b) Drive-in (drive-through) facilities and lanes.

i) Location and screening.

1. Drive-in facilities (order stations, pick-up windows, bank teller windows, money machines, etc.) shall be located on the side or rear of principal structures to minimize their visibility from public streets.

2. To the maximum extent practicable, drive-in lanes shall not be located between the primary structure and adjacent public streets or sidewalks. If this is not possible, drive-in lanes and facilities shall be set back a minimum of twenty (20) feet from any adjacent public street or sidewalk. The entire twenty (20) foot setback must be landscaped and bermed to screen the drive-in lane and facility from adjacent streets.

3. Drive-in lanes adjacent to public streets or sidewalks shall be separated from such streets or sidewalks by walls or landscaping with berms.

4. Car wash facilities and gas station auto service bays shall be located on the side or rear of principal structures to minimize their visibility from public streets.

5. In addition to any buffering required by Article 2, drive-in lanes adjacent to residential uses shall be separated from such uses by an opaque wall at least six (6) feet high, located so that required buffer landscaping is between the wall and the adjacent residential use. (Ord. 1145 §§ 8 – 11 (Exh. A), 2013; Ord. 1167 §§ 8 – 10 (Exh. A), 2014)